Today News Journal
    What's Hot

    Trump Isn’t Touting His Biggest Success

    February 5, 2023

    The Colorado River Is Disappearing. Here’s How to Replenish It.

    February 5, 2023

    Fake Meat’s Beyond Impossible Quest to Win Over Americans

    February 5, 2023
    Facebook Twitter Instagram
    Facebook Twitter Instagram
    Today News Journal
    Contact Us
    • Home
    • Trending
    • Business
    • Health
    • Technology
      • Automobile
      • Gadgets
      • Mobiles
      • Robotics
    • Lifestyle
      • Culture
    • Sports
    • Travel
    • Editorials
    • News
      • Politics
    Today News Journal
    Home » Health » Ventilation: A powerful Covid-19 mitigation measure
    Health

    Ventilation: A powerful Covid-19 mitigation measure

    James MartinBy James MartinApril 14, 2022No Comments11 Mins Read
    Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr WhatsApp VKontakte Email
    Share
    Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Email


    “The challenge for organizations that improve air quality is that it’s invisible,” said Joseph Allen, director of the Healthy Buildings Program at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

    It’s true: Other Covid tools are more tangible. But visualizing how the virus might behave in poorly ventilated spaces can help people better understand this mitigation measure.

    Allen likens it to cigarette smoke. “If I’m smoking in the corner of a classroom and you have low ventilation/filtration, that room is going to fill up with smoke, and everyone is breathing that same air.”

    Then apply that to the outdoors.

    “I could be smoking a cigarette, you could be a couple of feet from me, depending which way the wind was blowing, you may not even know I’m smoking.”

    If you’re indoors, you could be breathing in less fresh air than you think.

    “Everybody in a room together is constantly breathing air that just came out of the lungs of other people in that room. And depending on the ventilation rate, it could be as much as 3% or 4% of the air you’re breathing just came out of the lungs of other people in that room,” Allen said.

    He describes this as respiratory backwash.

    “Normally, that’s not a problem, right? We do this all the time. We’re always exchanging our respiratory microbiomes with each other. But if someone’s sick and infectious … those aerosols can carry the virus. That’s a problem.”

    It’s airborne

    “We’ve known for decades how to keep people safe in buildings from infection, from airborne infectious diseases like this one,” Allen said.

    From the beginning of the pandemic, Allen and other experts have waved red flags, saying that the way we were thinking about transmission of Covid-19 — surfaces, large respiratory droplets — was missing the point.

    “Hand washing and social distancing are appropriate but, in our view, insufficient to provide protection from virus-carrying respiratory microdroplets released into the air by infected people. This problem is especially acute in indoor or enclosed environments, particularly those that are crowded and have inadequate ventilation,” hundreds of scientists stated in an open letter in July 2020.
    Eventually, the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acknowledged what the experts had been saying all along: that Covid-19 could also spread by small aerosolized particles that can travel more than 6 feet.
    In Washington's Covid-19 outbreak, new variants flout old 'close contact' rule

    The coronavirus itself is very small — about 0.1 microns — but that doesn’t affect how far it can travel.

    “The size of the virus itself doesn’t matter because, as we say, the virus is never naked in air. In other words, the virus is always traveling in respiratory particles that develop in our lungs. And those are all different sizes,” Allen said.

    Singing or coughing can emit particles as large as 100 microns (almost the width of a human hair), he said, but the virus tends to travel in smaller particles — between 1 and 5 microns.

    The size of these particles affects not only how far it can travel but how deeply we can breathe it into our lungs, and how we should approach protecting ourselves from this virus.

    “When you’re talking about an airborne disease, there’s the what’s right around you, you know, the sort of the people who you know can cough in your face, the 6 feet thing, and then there’s the broader indoor air, because indoor air is recirculated,” said Max Sherman, a leader on the Epidemic Task Force for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.

    Dilute and clean

    “Outdoors is safer than indoors” has become an accepted mantra with Covid-19. Allen points out that protecting ourselves indoors is where our focus should always be, even beyond the pandemic.

    “We’re [an] indoors species. We spend 90% of our time indoors. The air we breathe indoors has a massive impact on our health, whether you think about infectious disease or anything else, but it just has escaped the public consciousness for a long time,” he said.

    Making sure our indoor air is healthy is not that complicated, Sherman said. “You just want to reduce the number of particles that might be carrying Covid or any other nasty [virus].”

    The way you do that is through ventilation and filtration.

    Filtration — just like it sounds — is filtering or cleaning the air, removing the infected particles. But think of ventilation as diluting the air. You’re bringing more fresh air in to reduce the concentration of those particles.

    Dilution is exactly why we haven’t seen superspreader events outdoors, Allen says.

    “We have hardly any transmission outdoors. Why is that? Unlimited dilution, because you have unlimited ventilation. And so, even in crowded protests or outdoor sporting events like the Super Bowl, we just don’t see superspreading happening. But if we did, we’d have the signal be loud and clear. We just don’t see it. It’s all indoors in these underperforming, unhealthy spaces.”

    Healthy spaces

    Even before the advent of HVAC systems, ventilation was integrated into many building designs.

    The 1901 Tenement Housing Act of New York required every tenement building — a building with multifamily households — to have ventilation, running water and gas light.

    Builders added ventilation to many of these buildings with a shaft in the middle that runs from the roof to the ground, allowing more airflow.

    “In the late 19th century, people are finally starting to understand how disease spreads. So airshafts and the accompanying ventilation were seen as a solution to the public health crises that were happening in tenement buildings,” said Katheryn Lloyd, director of programming at the Tenement Museum. “There were high cases of tuberculosis, diphtheria and other diseases that spread. Now we know that spread sort of through the air.”

    Today, we’re facing the same challenge.

    “Getting basic ventilation in your home is important, full stop,” Sherman said.

    One of the easiest, cheapest ways to do that is to open your windows.

    Open doors or windows at opposite ends of your home to create cross-ventilation, the Environmental Protection Agency advises. Opening the highest and lowest windows — especially if on different floors — of a home can also increase ventilation. Adding an indoor fan can take it even further.

    “If a single fan is used, it should be facing (and blowing air) in the same direction the air is naturally moving. You can determine the direction the air is naturally moving by observing the movement of drapes or by holding a light fabric or dropping paper clippings and noting which direction they move,” the EPA says.

    Just cracking a window can help a lot, Allen says: “Even propping a window open a couple inches to really facilitate higher air changes, especially if you do it in multiple places in the house, so you can create some pressure differentials.”

    It’s important to note that if you have an HVAC system, it must be running to actually circulate or filter the air. The EPA says that these systems run less than 25% of the time during heating and cooling seasons.

    “Most of the controls these days have a setting where you can run the fan on low all the time. And that’s usually the best thing to do because that makes sure you’re getting you’re pushing air through the filter all the time and mixing the air up in your in your home,” Sherman advised.

    This could be something to keep in mind if you’re going to have visitors or if someone in the household is at higher risk for severe illness.

    Choose the most efficient filter your HVAC system can handle, and make sure you routinely change the filters.

    Filters have a minimum efficiency reporting value, or MERV, rating that indicates how well they capture small particles. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers recommends using at least a MERV-13 filter, which it says is at least 85% efficient at capturing particles from 1 to 3 microns.

    If that’s not an option, portable air filters can also work well, but the EPA says to use one that is made for the intended room size and meets at least one of these criteria:
    • Designed as high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
    • CADR rated
    • Manufacturer says the device will remove most particles below 1 micron

    Finding a safe space

    When you walk into a space, there’s no good rule of thumb to look around and gauge how well-ventilated it might be, and that can be a challenge when people have been tasked with assessing their own risk.

    Allen suggests starting with the basics: Make sure you’re up to date with vaccinations and aware of where Covid-19 numbers stand in your community.

    But then it gets harder. Even the number of people in a space isn’t a giveaway of a higher-risk situation.

    “The more people in there could be higher-risk because you’re more likely to have someone who’s infectious, but if the ventilation is good, it really doesn’t matter.”

    Ventilation standards are based on “an amount of fresh air per person, plus the amount of fresh air per square foot,” Allen explained. “So if you have a good system, the more people that enter the room, the more ventilation is brought in to the room.”

    One tool that can help you assess ventilation in a room is a CO2 monitor, something Allen wishes he saw more in public spaces. He likes to carry a portable one, which you can order online for between $100 and $200.

    “If you see under 1,000 parts per million, generally, you’re hitting the ventilation targets that are the design standard. But remember, these are not health-based standards. So we want to see higher ventilation rates.”

    Allen prefers to see CO2 at or under 800 parts per million. He also notes that just because a space has low CO2 levels, it might not be unsafe if filtration is high, like on an airplane.

    A gamechanger for schools

    Atlanta Public Schools Superintendent Lisa Herring says the installation of 5,000 air filtration units — enough for every classroom — in her school district is “a gamechanger.”

    The district had begun upgrading HVAC systems in several schools even before the pandemic, but federal funding allowed it to add filtration units during a crucial time when masks have become optional.

    “It gives a greater level of confidence for us as a system to know that our air filtration systems are in place,” Herring said.

    School districts all over the country have been jumping at the opportunity for ventilation upgrades made possible by an influx of federal funding.

    An analysis in February by FutureEd, a think tank at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy, found that public schools had earmarked $4.4 billion for HVAC projects, which could grow to almost $10 billion if trends continued.
    As masks become optional, kids take their health into their own hands

    New Hampshire’s Manchester School District is pouring almost $35 million into upgrading HVAC systems, and interim Superintendent Jennifer Gillis says federal funding is “absolutely key.”

    “You think about a district of our size with all the competing demands and the need to be fiscally responsible, a $35 million project, that’s a large project to introduce to our budget. Having those funds available to us lets us do 19 projects — and 19 projects in a very short span of time.”

    For Gillis, ventilation has been an important mitigation strategy and an unobtrusive way to keep people safe.

    “It’s something that most in the building don’t think about, but it’s a very passive way for us to create safety within the schools. Since the beginning, the goal was always ‘let’s get our kids in, let’s get our staff in, but let’s do it in a way that’s safe for all of them.’ “

    Good ventilation isn’t only about keeping students safe from Covid-19, Sherman says. It can also improve their performance in school.

    “They’re going to learn better; they’re going to be awake more; they’re going to be more receptive. They’re going to be healthier if they’ve got good indoor air quality,” he said.

    Finally front and center

    Helping solidify ventilation’s role in the Covid-19 battle, the Biden administration announced a Clean Air in Buildings Challenge last month.

    The challenge calls on building operators and owners to improve ventilation by following guidelines laid out by the EPA.

    The main actions include creating a clean indoor air action plan, optimizing fresh air ventilation, enhancing air filtration and cleaning, and engaging the building community by communicating with occupants to increase awareness, commitment and participation.

    The message may seem overdue, but it’s one that Allen enthusiastically welcomed.

    “The White House used its pulpit to say unequivocally that clean air and buildings matter. That’s massive. Regardless of what you think about what will happen next with implementation or what happens with the funding. That is a crystal-clear message that is already being heard by businesses, nonprofits, universities and state leaders. I see these changes happening already.”



    Source link

    Related posts:

    1. Covid long-haulers: Boy has battled coronavirus for 6 months
    2. Savoring potatoes and sweet potatoes
    3. How to protect pets’ bowls from bacterial contaminants
    4. Alzheimer’s Disease Fast Facts | CNN
    Share. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr WhatsApp Email
    Previous ArticleMotorist left furious after seeing Tesco staff filling up at closed petrol station
    Next Article Meat feasts to go: Burger King tests all-vegan London branch | Veganism
    James Martin
    • Website

    Related Posts

    How to be prepared in case of a shooting without living in fear

    January 26, 2023

    Many women underestimate breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer, study shows

    January 26, 2023

    Pediatricians are giving out free gun locks to approach the gun violence epidemic as a public health crisis

    January 25, 2023

    CDC figuring out ‘logistical and legal’ aspects of testing airplane wastewater for coronavirus variants, source says

    January 25, 2023

    Leave A Reply Cancel Reply

    Search
    Categories
    • Automobile
    • Business
    • Coronavirus
    • Culture
    • Editorials
    • Finance
    • Gadgets
    • Health
    • Lifestyle
    • Mobiles
    • Money
    • News
    • Politics
    • Sports
    • Technology
    • Travel
    • Trending
    • World
    Latest Posts

    Trump Isn’t Touting His Biggest Success

    February 5, 2023

    The Colorado River Is Disappearing. Here’s How to Replenish It.

    February 5, 2023

    Fake Meat’s Beyond Impossible Quest to Win Over Americans

    February 5, 2023

    Here’s How Finland, Sweden and NATO Should Deal With Erdogan

    February 5, 2023
    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    Don't Miss
    News

    Trump Isn’t Touting His Biggest Success

    By James MartinFebruary 5, 20230

    Comment on this storyCommentOne sunny spring morning in May 2020, President Donald Trump stood in…

    The Colorado River Is Disappearing. Here’s How to Replenish It.

    February 5, 2023

    Fake Meat’s Beyond Impossible Quest to Win Over Americans

    February 5, 2023

    Here’s How Finland, Sweden and NATO Should Deal With Erdogan

    February 5, 2023
    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    About Us

    Hello friends, I am James Martin. Welcome to my blog todaynewsjournal.com. We are a team of experienced journalists who are passionate about delivering the latest news and current events to our readers. Our editorial team is dedicated to providing the most accurate and up-to-date information possible. We aim to be your go-to source for news and current events. Here on this site, You will get up to date information regarding all important categories like business ideas, health tips,... (Read More)

    Latest News

    Trump Isn’t Touting His Biggest Success

    February 5, 2023

    The Colorado River Is Disappearing. Here’s How to Replenish It.

    February 5, 2023

    Fake Meat’s Beyond Impossible Quest to Win Over Americans

    February 5, 2023
    SIGN UP NEWSLETTER

    Join The Conversation sign up to receive emails for The Daily special tips general info.

      Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest
      • Home
      • Editorials
      • Get In Touch

      Copyright © 2021-2023 · Today News Journal Privacy Policy

      Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.

      We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.
      Cookie SettingsAccept All
      Manage consent

      Privacy Overview

      This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
      Necessary
      Always Enabled
      Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
      CookieDurationDescription
      cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
      cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
      cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
      cookielawinfo-checkbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
      cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
      viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
      Functional
      Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
      Performance
      Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
      Analytics
      Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
      Advertisement
      Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
      Others
      Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
      SAVE & ACCEPT

      Sign In or Register

      Welcome Back!

      Login to your account below.

      Lost password?