The Bank of England is likely to raise interest rates to the highest level since the recession caused by the 2008 financial crisis, despite mounting concern that the economy is weakening amid the cost of living crisis.
City economists widely expect the Bank will increase its base rate by at least 0.25 percentage points to 1% on Thursday, lifting borrowing costs to the match the level set in February 2009 when it was in the process of cutting rates to historic lows as the global financial system imploded.
Households across Britain are under intense pressure from soaring living costs – with inflation at 7%, the highest level since 1992 – driven by record petrol prices and rising gas and electricity costs exacerbated by Russia’s war in Ukraine. Experts have warned the gauge for the annual jump in consumer prices could reach 10% later this year, five times the Bank’s 2% target.
Central banks around the world have begun raising rates to combat high inflation. On Wednesday the US Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate by 0.5 percentage points to a target rate range of between 0.75% and 1%. It was the largest since 2000 and follows a 0.25 percentage point increase in March, the first increase since December 2018.
Analysts said the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee was set to vote overwhelmingly for its fourth consecutive rate rise since it began increasing borrowing costs in December for the first time since the Covid pandemic.
Raising rates to 1% would also open the door to the Bank selling down some of its £875bn portfolio of UK government bonds built up through its quantitative easing stimulus programme since the 2008 financial crisis.
With heightened volatility in financial markets over recent weeks, analysts said the Bank would probably lay the ground for future asset sales rather than take immediate action, although disposals of £5bn a month could be made from as early as the summer.
Economists said some of the nine-strong panel could push for a 0.5 percentage point rise to show commitment to stopping persistently high rates of inflation from taking hold, although cautioned that a quarter-point rise was still most likely.
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Concerns are, however, growing that high inflation could give way to a recession should the soaring cost of living, rising taxes and higher borrowing costs severely damage UK consumer spending, in a development that would force the Bank to drastically reconsider plans for future rate rises.
Signs of weakness have emerged in recent weeks, including an unexpectedly large decline in March retail sales and consumer confidence in April dropping to the second-lowest level in almost 50 years. Several leading economists said this could tempt Jon Cunliffe, the Bank’s deputy governor, to cast another lone vote to keep rates on hold after taking that position at the MPC’s last meeting in March.
Kallum Pickering, a senior economist at Berenberg, said a cautious approach was probably appropriate: “Amid plunging consumer confidence and evidence of a pullback in household demand, [raising rates] is not without risk, in our view.
“If we are unlucky, the UK is already in the early stage of a recession.”
